Debian笔记

Debian是我日常使用的桌面系统，这里记录了我在使用Debian时所有的问题和解决办法，以及一些其他的心得体会。
向Debian致敬！

找回桌面系统关机按钮
在/etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/新建文件50-admin.pkla,写入如下内容：

[disable suspend]   
Identity=unix-user:*   
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.suspend   
ResultAny=no   
ResultInactive=no   
ResultActive=no   
[disable hibernate]   
Identity=unix-user:*   
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate   
ResultAny=no
ResultInactive=no   
ResultActive=no

无线不能使用的解决方法

安装rfkill工具

#apt-get install rfkill 

then:

#rfkill list all 

查看网卡设备的状态如下

0: dell-wlan: Wireless LAN   
Soft blocked: no   
 Hard blocked: no   
1: phy0: Wireless LAN   
Soft blocked: no   
Hard blocked: no

根据软件或者硬件的状态解锁

wireshark普通用户权限

$ sudo groupadd wireshark 
$ sudo usermod -a -G wireshark YOUR_USER_NAME 
$ sudo chgrp wireshark /usr/bin/dumpcap 
$ sudo chmod 750 /usr/bin/dumpcap 
$ sudo setcap cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin=eip /usr/bin/dumpcap 
$ sudo getcap /usr/bin/dumpcap 

Adobe flash player的正确安装姿势
首先下载flash player，保存为flash.tar.gz
then:

tar -zxvf flash.tar.gz
mv usr/* /usr/
mv libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/

重启浏览器即可

解决Debian8 pptp不能连接的问题
报错内容：(/var/log/syslog)

Sep 15 14:58:21 debian NetworkManager[13550]: ** Message: pppd started with pid 14188
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian pppd[14188]: Plugin /usr/lib/pppd/2.4.6/nm-pptp-pppd-plugin.so loaded.
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian NetworkManager[13550]: Plugin /usr/lib/pppd/2.4.6/nm-pptp-pppd-plugin.so loaded.
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian NetworkManager[13550]: ** Message: nm-pptp-ppp-plugin: (plugin_init): initializing
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian pppd[14188]: pppd 2.4.6 started by root, uid 0
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian NetworkManager[13550]: ** Message: nm-pptp-ppp-plugin: (nm_phasechange): status 3 / phase 'serial connection'
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian pppd[14188]: Using interface ppp0
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian pppd[14188]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/0
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian NetworkManager[13550]: Using interface ppp0
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian NetworkManager[13550]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/0
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian NetworkManager[13550]: ** Message: nm-pptp-ppp-plugin: (nm_phasechange): status 5 / phase 'establish'
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian NetworkManager[13550]: <info> (ppp0): new Generic device (driver: 'unknown' ifindex: 57)
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian NetworkManager[13550]: <info> (ppp0): exported as /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/15
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian NetworkManager[13550]: <info> devices added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0)
Sep 15 14:58:21 debian NetworkManager[13550]: <info> device added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0): no ifupdown configuration found.
Sep 15 14:58:52 debian pppd[14188]: LCP: timeout sending Config-Requests
Sep 15 14:58:52 debian pppd[14188]: Connection terminated.
Sep 15 14:58:52 debian avahi-daemon[588]: Withdrawing workstation service for ppp0.
Sep 15 14:58:52 debian NetworkManager[13550]: ** Message: nm-pptp-ppp-plugin: (nm_phasechange): status 11 / phase 'disconnect'
Sep 15 14:58:52 debian NetworkManager[13550]: <info> devices removed (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0)
Sep 15 14:58:52 debian pptp[14193]: nm-pptp-service-14185 warn[decaps_hdlc:pptp_gre.c:216]: pppd may have shutdown, see pppd log
Sep 15 14:58:52 debian pppd[14188]: Modem hangup
Sep 15 14:58:52 debian pppd[14188]: Exit.
Sep 15 14:58:52 debian NetworkManager[13550]: ** Message: nm-pptp-ppp-plugin: (nm_phasechange): status 1 / phase 'dead'
Sep 15 14:58:52 debian NetworkManager[13550]: ** Message: nm-pptp-ppp-plugin: (nm_exit_notify): cleaning up
Sep 15 14:58:52 debian NetworkManager[13550]: ** (nm-pptp-service:14185): WARNING **: pppd exited with error code 16

依次输入如下命令：

modprobe nf_nat_pptp
modprobe nf_conntrack_pptp
modprobe nf_conntrack_proto_gre

下次启动还会失效，所以要编辑/etc/modules-load.d/modules.conf文件，添加如下三行：

nf_nat_pptp
nf_conntrack_pptp
nf_conntrack_proto_gre

正确安装ruby RVM的方法

curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable